Fee expressed “that the love of God is the foundation of Paul’s view of salvation . . . . The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ is what gave concrete expression to that love; through Christ’s suffering and death on behalf of his loved ones, God accomplished salvation for them at one moment in human history. The participation in the Holy Spirit continually makes that love and grace real in the life of the believer and the believing community. The koinonia (‘fellowship/participation’) of the Holy Spirit . . . is how the living God not only brings people into an intimate and abiding relationship with himself, as the God of all grace, but also causes them to participate in all the benefits of that grace and salvation - that is, by indwelling them in the present with his own presence and guaranteeing their final eschatological glory.”