“paul admonished believers to walk by the leading of the holy spirit. in doing so they manifest fruits of the spirit. these include love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. the source of these effects is the character of jesus christ. the desire of the flesh reflects an attitude of defiance to god. but believers who live in obedience to the leading of the holy spirit are ‘sealed,’ signifying that god has ownership of them, that the lord is their shepherd as identified in psalm 23. the indwelling by the holy spirit is the first installment of all the coming benefits of eschatological salvation [already but not yet], and it functions as a guarantee that the benefits will come.”